Clonal diversity and spatial dissemination of multi-antibiotics resistant Staphylococcus aureus pathotypes in Southwest Nigeria

Spread of genetically diverse Staphylococcus aureus characterized with multi-antibiotic resistance and regulated by high level agr functionalities in several communities southwest Nigeria was investigated evaluated for infection control. pathotypes recovered from 256 cases including purulent pus skin infections, soft tissue aspirates, wounds, otorrhea, eye, throat endocervical infections were assayed biofilm antibiogram. Further genotyped micro-array, mapped geospatial distribution clonal diversity functional accessory gene regulators ( ). Significant Staphylococci among the ages (OR:0.021, CI:0.545–1.914) female gender prevalence rate MSSA (53.0%) MRSA (1.5%) (OR:1.021, CI:0.374–1.785) observed. More than 52.5% rates to tetracycline amoxicillin significant median observed all (p = 0.001). Resistance 78.8% at MIC 50 32μg/ml 90 128μg/ml amoxicillin-clavulanate, more 40% ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin 32 μg/ml Strains index above 0.83, beta-lactamase strong clustered into separate phylo-group. Heterogeneous t442 (wound pus), t657 (wound), t091 (ear) (ear wound) revealed phylogenetic diversity. Only 4.6% pvl + MSSA-CC1 I, MSSA-CC5 (13.6%) MRSA-CC7 II (4.6%), expressed enterotoxin, leukocidins, proteases determinants. Livestock types identified community-associated strains. Clonal dissemination resistant pvl+ MRSA-CC5 encoding predominant peri-urban where adequate geno-surveillance, population-target antimicrobial stewardship, extensive community structured control programs are needed prevent further focal dissemination.